Newton's second law Transitional Reasoning Download PDF

Questions

1. 1.

   A prototype surveillance drone with a total mass of 8.0 kg launches vertically from a ground station. During its initial climb, the drone's motors generate a constant upward thrust of 120 N while air resistance exerts a constant downward force of 17.6 N. Taking the acceleration due to gravity to be $g = 9.8\text{ m/s}^2$, what is the magnitude of the drone's vertical acceleration during this climb?

   • A) 7.4 m/s2
   • B) 5.2 m/s2
   • C) 12.8 m/s2
   • D) 3.0 m/s2
2. 2.

   In a physics laboratory, a cart of mass 0.60 kg sits on a horizontal, frictionless track and is attached to a hanging cylinder of mass 0.40 kg by a light, inextensible string running over an ideal pulley. When the system is released from rest, both objects accelerate together as the cylinder falls vertically. Taking the acceleration due to gravity to be $g = 9.8\text{ m/s}^2$, what is the magnitude of the tension in the string during the motion?

   • A) 2.35 N
   • B) 3.92 N
   • C) 1.57 N
   • D) 5.88 N
3. 3.

   A test vehicle with a mass of 1200 kg travels along a straight horizontal track when its brakes apply a constant retarding force, bringing it to rest from an initial speed of 25 m/s over a distance of 50 m. In a subsequent trial, the vehicle is loaded with cargo so that its total mass increases to 1500 kg, while the braking system exerts the identical constant retarding force. If this loaded vehicle begins braking from an initial speed of 20 m/s, what distance does it travel before coming to a complete stop?

   • A) 32 m
   • B) 40 m
   • C) 50 m
   • D) 64 m
4. 4.

   A 50 kg skier is towed up a frictionless slope inclined at 30° to the horizontal by a motorized tow-rope oriented parallel to the incline. The rope exerts a constant pulling force of 370 N on the skier. Taking the acceleration due to gravity to be $g = 9.8\text{ m/s}^2$, what is the magnitude of the skier's acceleration up the slope?

   • A) 7.4 m/s$^2$
   • B) 4.9 m/s$^2$
   • C) 2.5 m/s$^2$
   • D) 12.3 m/s$^2$
5. 5.

   During a low-friction dynamics trial, a 5.0 kg instrument package rests on a horizontal air table. Two horizontal thrusters fire simultaneously: Thruster X delivers a constant force of 15 N directed due east, while Thruster Y delivers an unknown constant force directed due north. If the package accelerates across the table at 5.0 m/s$^2$, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by Thruster Y?

   • A) 20 N
   • B) 10 N
   • C) 29 N
   • D) 40 N
6. 6.

   A container of scientific instruments with a mass of 15 kg hangs from a calibrated spring scale fixed to the ceiling of a transport elevator. As the elevator descends toward the ground floor, it slows down at a constant rate of 2.4 m/s$^2$. Taking the acceleration due to gravity to be $g = 9.8\text{ m/s}^2$, what force reading does the spring scale display during this deceleration?

   • A) 36 N
   • B) 111 N
   • C) 147 N
   • D) 183 N
7. 7.

   Two research modules, Module A of mass 3.0 kg and Module B of mass 5.0 kg, are connected by a light, taut cable on a frictionless horizontal surface. A technician applies a constant horizontal pulling force of 24 N directly to Module B in the direction away from Module A, accelerating both modules forward along a straight path. What is the tension in the cable connecting the two modules?

   • A) 24 N
   • B) 15 N
   • C) 12 N
   • D) 9.0 N
8. 8.

   An automated transport sled with a total mass of 40 kg moves along a straight horizontal track while experiencing a constant resistive force of 30 N. Telemetry data indicates that a horizontal forward driving force accelerates the sled uniformly from an initial speed of 2.0 m/s to 8.0 m/s over a time interval of 4.0 s. What is the magnitude of the forward driving force exerted on the sled?

   • A) 60 N
   • B) 90 N
   • C) 110 N
   • D) 30 N
9. 9.

   A laboratory rover on a frictionless horizontal test track is accelerated by a constant thrust force $F$. When the rover carries no payload, its onboard accelerometer records an acceleration of 3.0 m/s$^2$. After a 6.0 kg instrument module is secured onto the rover, the same thrust force produces an acceleration of 2.0 m/s$^2$. What is the magnitude of the thrust force $F$?

   • A) 24 N
   • B) 36 N
   • C) 48 N
   • D) 72 N
10. 10.

    An experimental cart on a frictionless track is propelled from rest by a constant horizontal net force $F_1$, reaching a speed of 8.0 m/s in 4.0 s. When extra equipment is added, the total mass of the cart is doubled. A researcher then applies a new constant horizontal net force $F_2$ to accelerate the heavier cart from rest to 12 m/s in 3.0 s. What is the ratio of the net force magnitudes, $\frac{F_2}{F_1}$?

    • A) 1.5
    • B) 2.0
    • C) 3.0
    • D) 4.0