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Substitution reactions Knowledge-Based Practice

Chemistry · Organic Chemistry · Chemistry · Organic Reactions

5 Chemistry practice questions on Substitution reactions. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    In the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction between benzene and a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, which species acts as the active electrophile?

    • A) Nitronium ion (NO2+\text{NO}_2^+)
    • B) Nitrate ion (NO3−\text{NO}_3^-)
    • C) Nitrosonium ion (NO+\text{NO}^+)
    • D) Hydronium ion (H3O+\text{H}_3\text{O}^+)
  2. 2.

    Which of the following alkyl halides undergoes hydrolysis most rapidly via an SN1S_\text{N}1 substitution mechanism?

    • A) 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane
    • B) 2-Bromopropane
    • C) 1-Bromopropane
    • D) Bromomethane
  3. 3.

    Which of the following elementary steps in the free-radical chlorination of methane represents a chain propagation step?

    • A) Cl2→2Cl∙\text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{Cl}^\bullet
    • B) Cl∙+Cl∙→Cl2\text{Cl}^\bullet + \text{Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2
    • C) CH3∙+Cl∙→CH3Cl\text{CH}_3^\bullet + \text{Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{Cl}
    • D) CH4+Cl∙→CH3∙+HCl\text{CH}_4 + \text{Cl}^\bullet \rightarrow \text{CH}_3^\bullet + \text{HCl}
  4. 4.

    Which of the following statements correctly describes a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2S_N2) reaction?

    • A) It proceeds through a carbocation intermediate in a two-step pathway.
    • B) Its reaction rate depends exclusively on the concentration of the substrate.
    • C) It occurs via a single concerted step that leads to an inversion of stereochemical configuration at the reaction center.
    • D) It is initiated by the homolytic cleavage of a covalent bond under irradiation with ultraviolet light.
  5. 5.

    Which of the following chemical equations represents a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

    • A) CH2=CH2+HBr→CH3CH2Br\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{HBr} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br}
    • B) CH3CH2Br+OH−→CH3CH2OH+Br−\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{Br}^-
    • C) CH3CH2OH→CH2=CH2+H2O\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}
    • D) CH2=CH2+Br2→CH2BrCH2Br\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{Br}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_2\text{BrCH}_2\text{Br}

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