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Aldehydes and ketones Knowledge-Based Practice

Chemistry · Organic Chemistry · Chemistry · Functional Groups

5 Chemistry practice questions on Aldehydes and ketones. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    Which statement best explains why aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols of comparable molar mass?

    • A) Aldehydes and ketones cannot form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with one another because their molecules lack a hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen.
    • B) Aldehydes and ketones are entirely nonpolar compounds that interact with one another solely through weak London dispersion forces.
    • C) The carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones is nonpolar, preventing permanent dipole-dipole attractions between adjacent molecules.
    • D) Aldehydes and ketones have weaker carbon-oxygen covalent bonds than the carbon-oxygen bonds found in alcohols.
  2. 2.

    Which functional group is formed when an aldehyde reacts with one equivalent of an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst?

    • A) An acetal
    • B) A hemiacetal
    • C) An ester
    • D) A carboxylic acid
  3. 3.

    What type of organic compound is formed as the principal product when an aliphatic ketone is reduced by sodium borohydride?

    • A) Primary alcohol
    • B) Secondary alcohol
    • C) Tertiary alcohol
    • D) Carboxylic acid
  4. 4.

    Which of the following factors best explains why aldehydes are generally more reactive toward nucleophilic addition reactions than ketones?

    • A) Aldehydes contain two alkyl groups that stabilize the carbonyl carbon through electron donation.
    • B) Ketones have a less crowded carbonyl carbon because of the absence of a hydrogen atom.
    • C) The carbonyl group in aldehydes is nonpolar, allowing faster attack by ionic reagents.
    • D) Aldehydes experience less steric hindrance and have a greater partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon.
  5. 5.

    Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes an aldehyde from an isomeric ketone?

    • A) An aldehyde contains a hydroxyl group, whereas a ketone contains an ether linkage.
    • B) An aldehyde carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone carbonyl carbon is bonded to two carbon atoms.
    • C) An aldehyde is resistant to oxidation, whereas a ketone readily oxidizes to a carboxylic acid with mild oxidizing agents.
    • D) An aldehyde is produced by oxidizing a secondary alcohol, whereas a ketone is produced by oxidizing a primary alcohol.

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