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Synapses and neurotransmitters

Biology • Nervous System & Senses • Knowledge-Based • 5 questions

Synapses and neurotransmitters Knowledge-Based Download PDF

Biology · Human Body & Physiology · Biology · Nervous System & Senses

5 Biology practice questions on Synapses and neurotransmitters. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

Questions

  1. 1.

    Which of the following cellular structures facilitates the direct, bidirectional flow of ionic current between adjacent neurons at an electrical synapse?

    • A) Gap junctions composed of connexon proteins
    • B) SNARE complex proteins anchored to synaptic vesicle membranes
    • C) Ligand-gated ion channels clustered in the postsynaptic density
    • D) Active reuptake transporters located on the presynaptic terminal
  2. 2.

    Which term describes the process by which multiple postsynaptic potentials originating simultaneously at different synaptic locations on a neuron combine to influence the membrane potential at the axon hillock?

    • A) Temporal summation
    • B) Synaptic facilitation
    • C) Spatial summation
    • D) Long-term potentiation
  3. 3.

    Binding of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, such as GABA, to its ionotropic receptors on a postsynaptic membrane typically results in which of the following electrical events?

    • A) Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane resulting from an influx of sodium ions
    • B) Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane resulting from an influx of chloride ions
    • C) Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane resulting from an efflux of potassium ions
    • D) Hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane resulting from an influx of calcium ions
  4. 4.

    Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for terminating the action of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?

    • A) Direct active transport of intact acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron
    • B) Rapid endocytosis of acetylcholine-bound receptors into the postsynaptic cell
    • C) Enzymatic breakdown of acetylcholine into acetate and choline by acetylcholinesterase
    • D) Complete diffusion of acetylcholine into surrounding glial cells for direct storage
  5. 5.

    During chemical synaptic transmission, which of the following events directly triggers the exocytosis of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft?

    • A) Rapid efflux of potassium ions from the postsynaptic dendrite
    • B) Direct binding of action potentials to ligand-gated ion channels
    • C) Influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated channels
    • D) Active reuptake of neurotransmitters by glial transporter proteins