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Osmoregulation

Biology • Digestion & Excretion • Knowledge-Based • 5 questions

Osmoregulation Knowledge-Based Download PDF

Biology · Human Body & Physiology · Biology · Digestion & Excretion

5 Biology practice questions on Osmoregulation. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

Questions

  1. 1.

    Which hormone is synthesized and released in response to atrial stretching caused by elevated blood volume, functioning to promote renal sodium excretion and decrease blood pressure?

    • A) Atrial natriuretic peptide
    • B) Angiotensin II
    • C) Antidiuretic hormone
    • D) Aldosterone
  2. 2.

    By which cellular mechanism does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increase water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the human nephron?

    • A) Stimulating the insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels into the apical membrane of principal cells
    • B) Activating primary active sodium pumps on the apical membrane to drive osmotic water movement
    • C) Triggering the endocytosis of urea transporters to trap water inside the tubular epithelial cells
    • D) Phosphorylating tight junction claudins to expand paracellular pathways for passive water diffusion
  3. 3.

    Which hormone acts directly on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to stimulate sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion?

    • A) Antidiuretic hormone
    • B) Atrial natriuretic peptide
    • C) Parathyroid hormone
    • D) Aldosterone
  4. 4.

    Which segment of the human nephron is impermeable to water and actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid to maintain the medullary osmotic gradient?

    • A) Descending limb of the loop of Henle
    • B) Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
    • C) Proximal convoluted tubule
    • D) Collecting duct
  5. 5.

    Which physiological change occurs in the human body in response to an increase in blood plasma osmolarity?

    • A) Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary
    • B) Reduced permeability of the renal collecting ducts to water via aquaporin removal
    • C) Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to greater water reabsorption in the collecting ducts
    • D) Excretion of a large volume of dilute urine to eliminate excess dissolved solutes