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Hormone feedback regulation

Biology • Endocrine System • Knowledge-Based • 5 questions

Hormone feedback regulation Knowledge-Based Download PDF

Biology · Human Body & Physiology · Biology · Endocrine System

5 Biology practice questions on Hormone feedback regulation. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

Questions

  1. 1.

    In the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, high circulating levels of cortisol maintain homeostasis through negative feedback by directly inhibiting the secretion of which regulatory hormones?

    • A) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
    • B) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    • C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
    • D) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
  2. 2.

    When blood calcium levels fall below the normal physiological set point, which endocrine response occurs through negative feedback to restore homeostasis?

    • A) Calcitonin secretion from the thyroid gland increases, stimulating calcium deposition into bone matrix.
    • B) Parathyroid hormone secretion increases, promoting bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption.
    • C) Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex increases, inhibiting intestinal calcium absorption.
    • D) Antidiuretic hormone secretion from the posterior pituitary increases, accelerating urinary calcium excretion.
  3. 3.

    When blood glucose concentration drops below its physiological set point during fasting, which endocrine feedback response restores homeostatic balance?

    • A) Beta cells of the pancreas secrete insulin to promote glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells.
    • B) Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon to stimulate glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver.
    • C) The adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone to suppress the renal excretion of circulating blood sugars.
    • D) The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin to decrease the rate of cellular respiration across peripheral tissues.
  4. 4.

    During childbirth, mechanical stretching of the cervix stimulates the posterior pituitary gland to release oxytocin, which induces stronger uterine contractions that further increase cervical stretch. Which type of regulatory mechanism is illustrated by this physiological pathway?

    • A) Negative feedback loop that reduces contraction intensity to maintain uterine homeostasis
    • B) Antagonistic hormone pair mechanism that counteracts oxytocin via progesterone release
    • C) Positive feedback loop that amplifies the initial stimulus until delivery is achieved
    • D) Osmotic feedback loop that directly monitors changes in maternal blood volume
  5. 5.

    Which of the following responses occurs when blood levels of thyroxine rise significantly above normal physiological limits?

    • A) The anterior pituitary gland accelerates the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
    • B) The hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary by releasing increased amounts of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
    • C) The secretion of both thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is inhibited.
    • D) Target tissues upregulate their nuclear receptors to increase cellular responsiveness to the circulating hormone.