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Lipids

Biology • Biological Macromolecules • Knowledge-Based • 5 questions

Lipids Knowledge-Based Download PDF

Biology · Chemistry of Life · Biology · Biological Macromolecules

5 Biology practice questions on Lipids. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

Questions

  1. 1.

    Why do triacylglycerols store more than twice as much usable chemical energy per gram as carbohydrates such as glycogen or starch?

    • A) They possess a higher ratio of oxygen to carbon atoms, making their metabolic breakdown thermodynamically favorable.
    • B) They are stabilized by high-energy phosphoanhydride linkages between each fatty acid and the glycerol backbone.
    • C) They bind significant amounts of intracellular water that directly drives hydrolytic phosphorylation reactions.
    • D) They exist in a more chemically reduced state with abundant carbon-hydrogen bonds and are stored in an anhydrous form.
  2. 2.

    Which lipid is structurally characterized by a carbon skeleton composed of four fused rings and serves as an essential component of animal cell membranes as well as a precursor for steroid hormones?

    • A) Linoleic acid
    • B) Phosphatidylcholine
    • C) Cholesterol
    • D) Triacylglycerol
  3. 3.

    During the dehydration synthesis of a triacylglycerol molecule, which type of covalent bond joins each fatty acid to the glycerol backbone?

    • A) Glycosidic linkage
    • B) Ester linkage
    • C) Peptide linkage
    • D) Phosphodiester linkage
  4. 4.

    Which of the following best explains why phospholipids assemble into a bilayer in an aqueous environment?

    • A) They possess a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails, making them amphipathic.
    • B) They are composed of entirely nonpolar hydrocarbon chains that form covalent bonds with surrounding water molecules.
    • C) They contain three saturated fatty acids attached to glycerol that distribute uniformly in polar solutions.
    • D) They consist of four fused carbon rings that interact electrostatically to dissolve in the extracellular fluid.
  5. 5.

    Which of the following structural features distinguishes an unsaturated fatty acid from a saturated fatty acid?

    • A) The presence of a glycerol backbone linked to a phosphate group
    • B) The absence of a terminal carboxylic acid functional group
    • C) The presence of one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
    • D) The ability to form branched polymer chains through dehydration synthesis