Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis Knowledge-Based Download PDF

Questions

1. 1.

   During the complete hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol molecule, water is utilized to break which of the following types of chemical bonds?

   • A) Glycosidic bonds between monosaccharide units
   • B) Ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids
   • C) Peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids
   • D) Phosphodiester bonds between nucleotide subunits
2. 2.

   Which of the following biological processes is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

   • A) The assembly of RNA from ribonucleotide monomers
   • B) The formation of a triglyceride from glycerol and fatty acids
   • C) The synthesis of maltose from two glucose units
   • D) The digestion of a dipeptide into two individual amino acids
3. 3.

   How many water molecules are consumed during the complete enzymatic hydrolysis of a linear carbohydrate chain consisting of 50 glucose subunits into individual monosaccharides?

   • A) 25
   • B) 50
   • C) 49
   • D) 51
4. 4.

   During dehydration synthesis, what specific chemical event occurs to establish a covalent bond between two adjacent monomers?

   • A) A hydroxyl group is removed from one monomer and a hydrogen atom from another, releasing a water molecule.
   • B) A water molecule is cleaved to attach a hydroxyl group to one monomer and a hydrogen atom to the other.
   • C) Oxygen atoms from both monomers combine and are released as molecular oxygen gas as the covalent bond forms.
   • D) An intact water molecule is inserted directly between the monomers to form the linking bridge.
5. 5.

   Which statement correctly compares the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis during the metabolism of biological macromolecules?

   • A) Dehydration synthesis consumes a water molecule to break a covalent bond, whereas hydrolysis releases a water molecule as a bond forms.
   • B) Both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis require the addition of water molecules to facilitate the rearrangement of covalent bonds.
   • C) Hydrolysis builds complex polymers by removing water, whereas dehydration synthesis breaks polymers down into individual monomers.
   • D) Dehydration synthesis forms a covalent bond between monomers with the removal of a water molecule, whereas hydrolysis breaks a covalent bond using a water molecule.