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London dispersion forces Transitional Reasoning Practice

Chemistry · States of Matter & Solutions · Chemistry · Intermolecular Forces

1 Chemistry practice questions on London dispersion forces. Questions that build towards applied reasoning.

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  1. 1.

    A chemistry student compares the normal boiling points of three nonpolar structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}: pentane (36.1 °C), 2-methylbutane (27.8 °C), and 2,2-dimethylpropane (9.5 °C). Although all three compounds possess identical molecular masses and the same number of electrons, pentane requires substantially more thermal energy to transition into the gas phase. Based on principles of intermolecular forces, which statement best accounts for this observed trend?

    • A) Pentane forms permanent dipole-dipole attractions because its extended chain creates fixed regions of partial charge.
    • B) The compact geometry of 2,2-dimethylpropane concentrates electron density, producing significantly stronger induced dipoles.
    • C) Pentane's linear structure provides a greater surface area of contact, allowing more extensive temporary dipoles to produce stronger London dispersion forces.
    • D) Vaporizing pentane requires breaking strong covalent carbon-carbon bonds, whereas branched isomers vaporize by overcoming weaker intermolecular forces.

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