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Ion–dipole forces Transitional Reasoning Practice

Chemistry · States of Matter & Solutions · Chemistry · Intermolecular Forces

1 Chemistry practice questions on Ion–dipole forces. Questions that build towards applied reasoning.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    A chemistry student investigates the strength of ion–dipole interactions by comparing the hydration enthalpies of different metal cations dissolved in water. The student records that the hydration of magnesium ions (Mg2+Mg^{2+}) releases considerably more energy than the hydration of sodium ions (Na+Na^{+}). Based on the principles of intermolecular and electrostatic forces, which statement best accounts for this observation?

    • A) Magnesium ions have a larger ionic radius than sodium ions, allowing a greater number of water molecules to surround the cation.
    • B) Magnesium ions have a higher charge and a smaller ionic radius than sodium ions, producing a higher charge density that binds water dipoles more strongly.
    • C) Magnesium ions form directional covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms of water, whereas sodium ions only form nonpolar dispersion interactions.
    • D) Sodium ions have a higher nuclear charge than magnesium ions, which causes greater electron repulsion against the oxygen atom of water molecules.

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