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Electron affinity Transitional Reasoning Practice

Chemistry · The Periodic Table · Chemistry · Periodic Trends

1 Chemistry practice questions on Electron affinity. Questions that build towards applied reasoning.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    A student analyzing thermodynamic data for the halogens observes an unexpected trend: chlorine has a more exothermic first electron affinity than fluorine, despite fluorine having a smaller atomic radius and higher electronegativity. The student considers how atomic size, nuclear attraction, and interelectronic repulsions interact when an electron enters the valence shell of each neutral atom. Based on atomic structure and periodic principles, which statement correctly explains why chlorine releases more energy than fluorine upon gaining an electron?

    • A) The extremely small volume of fluorine's 2p subshell produces strong electron-electron repulsion that destabilizes the incoming electron compared to chlorine's more diffuse 3p subshell.
    • B) Fluorine possesses a lower effective nuclear charge than chlorine, preventing its nucleus from exerting sufficient electrostatic attraction on an additional electron.
    • C) Adding an electron to fluorine requires promotion of an existing valence electron into an empty d-orbital, which incurs a large energetic penalty.
    • D) Chlorine experiences significantly weaker inner-core shielding than fluorine, which allows its outer shell to attract incoming electrons with greater net force.

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