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Effective nuclear charge and shielding Transitional Reasoning Practice

Chemistry · The Periodic Table · Chemistry · Periodic Trends

1 Chemistry practice questions on Effective nuclear charge and shielding. Questions that build towards applied reasoning.

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  1. 1.

    A student group analyzes the periodic trends in Period 3 and observes that atomic radius decreases steadily from sodium (Z=11Z = 11) to chlorine (Z=17Z = 17) despite the increasing total number of electrons. Which statement correctly evaluates this observation using the concepts of effective nuclear charge and electron shielding?

    • A) Electrons added to the valence shell increase the shielding constant at the same rate as the nuclear charge, maintaining a constant effective nuclear charge.
    • B) The total nuclear charge decreases across the period because valence electrons repel each other and cancel out the positive pull of protons.
    • C) Core electrons expand into outer energy levels to shield the nucleus more effectively, which pushes the valence shell further outward.
    • D) Core electron shielding remains nearly constant across the period, so the increasing nuclear charge raises the effective nuclear charge and pulls the valence shell closer.

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