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Medical applications of radiation

Chemistry • Nuclear Energy & Applications • Knowledge-Based • 5 questions

Medical applications of radiation Knowledge-Based Download PDF

Chemistry · Nuclear Chemistry · Chemistry · Nuclear Energy & Applications

5 Chemistry practice questions on Medical applications of radiation. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

Questions

  1. 1.

    Which radioisotope is widely used as a high-energy gamma radiation source in external beam teletherapy to treat malignant tumors?

    • A) Carbon-14
    • B) Iodine-123
    • C) Phosphorus-32
    • D) Cobalt-60
  2. 2.

    In targeted radionuclide therapy for bone metastases, radium-223 delivers intense, localized ionization with high linear energy transfer over a tissue range of only a few cell diameters. Which type of nuclear decay is primarily responsible for this therapeutic mechanism?

    • A) Beta-minus decay
    • B) Positron emission
    • C) Alpha decay
    • D) Electron capture
  3. 3.

    In Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning, a radioisotope such as fluorine-18 decays by positron emission within tissue. What radiation is directly registered by the surrounding detector ring to construct the cross-sectional image?

    • A) Characteristic X-rays emitted during subsequent inner-shell electron capture
    • B) High-speed electrons scattered into surrounding sensors following atomic collisions
    • C) Secondary alpha particles generated by localized nuclear fragmentation
    • D) Two coincident gamma-ray photons emitted in opposite directions from electron-positron annihilation
  4. 4.

    In targeted radionuclide therapy using iodine-131 for thyroid cancer, which type of nuclear emission is primarily responsible for destroying the malignant cells?

    • A) Alpha radiation, because it easily traverses tissue without transferring energy to cellular structures.
    • B) Beta radiation, because its short penetration range allows localized deposition of ionizing energy in the tumor.
    • C) Gamma radiation, because its high penetrating power ensures that all radiation is absorbed within the gland.
    • D) Positron emission, because the resulting annihilation events directly destroy nearby cell membranes without ionization.
  5. 5.

    Which property is most desirable for a radioisotope used primarily as an internal diagnostic imaging tracer in nuclear medicine?

    • A) Emission of high-energy alpha particles to maximize localized tissue damage
    • B) A relatively short half-life and emission of penetrating gamma rays with low ionizing damage
    • C) A half-life of several years to enable continuous tracking across multiple months without re-administration
    • D) Strong beta-minus decay that completely deposits its kinetic energy within adjacent cells