Hormones Knowledge-Based Practice

Questions

1. 1.

   Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex to stimulate sodium ion reabsorption and potassium ion excretion in the distal nephron?

   • A) Atrial natriuretic peptide
   • B) Vasopressin
   • C) Cortisol
   • D) Aldosterone
2. 2.

   Which of the following hormones is secreted by the endocrine pancreas in response to hypoglycemia and acts primarily on hepatocytes to stimulate glycogen breakdown?

   • A) Insulin
   • B) Aldosterone
   • C) Glucagon
   • D) Somatostatin
3. 3.

   Which of the following hormones is synthesized by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland prior to secretion?

   • A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
   • B) Growth hormone
   • C) Prolactin
   • D) Antidiuretic hormone
4. 4.

   Which pair of hormones acts antagonistically to maintain homeostatic concentrations of calcium ions in human blood?

   • A) Insulin and glucagon
   • B) Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
   • C) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
   • D) Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
5. 5.

   Which of the following statements correctly describes the primary mechanism by which steroid hormones initiate a response in their target cells?

   • A) They bind to G-protein coupled receptors on the cell surface to activate second messenger cascades like cyclic AMP.
   • B) They diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors that regulate gene transcription.
   • C) They enter through voltage-gated protein channels and directly stimulate ribosomes to increase translation.
   • D) They attach to extracellular receptor kinases that immediately cleave surrounding matrix proteins.

Answers and step-by-step solutions appear after you finish the test.