Kidney function Knowledge-Based Practice

Questions

1. 1.

   Which specialized epithelial cells form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and extend interdigitating foot processes that establish filtration slits around the glomerular capillaries?

   • A) Juxtaglomerular cells
   • B) Macula densa cells
   • C) Mesangial cells
   • D) Podocytes
2. 2.

   Which hormone directly increases the water permeability of the renal collecting ducts by stimulating the insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels into the luminal membrane of principal cells?

   • A) Aldosterone
   • B) Atrial natriuretic peptide
   • C) Parathyroid hormone
   • D) Antidiuretic hormone
3. 3.

   Which process in the nephron involves the selective transport of metabolic wastes and excess solutes, such as hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and certain drugs, from the peritubular capillaries directly into the renal tubular fluid?

   • A) Glomerular filtration
   • B) Tubular secretion
   • C) Tubular reabsorption
   • D) Countercurrent multiplication
4. 4.

   Which structure of the nephron is primarily responsible for establishing and maintaining the high osmotic gradient in the renal medulla that enables the excretion of concentrated urine?

   • A) Bowman's capsule
   • B) Proximal convoluted tubule
   • C) Loop of Henle
   • D) Glomerulus
5. 5.

   During urine formation in a healthy human, which substance freely enters the nephron filtrate at the glomerulus but is entirely reabsorbed back into the blood along the proximal convoluted tubule?

   • A) Urea
   • B) Plasma albumin
   • C) Glucose
   • D) Creatinine

Answers and step-by-step solutions appear after you finish the test.