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Ribosomes Knowledge-Based Practice

Biology · Cell Structure & Function · Biology · Organelles

5 Biology practice questions on Ribosomes. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    During the elongation phase of translation, which binding site on a ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain immediately before a new peptide bond is synthesized?

    • A) The aminoacyl (A) site
    • B) The peptidyl (P) site
    • C) The exit (E) site
    • D) The initiation (I) site
  2. 2.

    Which statement correctly distinguishes eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes from prokaryotic ribosomes in terms of their sedimentation coefficients and subunit composition?

    • A) Eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes are 70S particles composed of 50S and 30S subunits, whereas prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S particles composed of 60S and 40S subunits.
    • B) Eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes are 80S particles composed of 50S and 30S subunits, whereas prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S particles composed of 40S and 30S subunits.
    • C) Eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes are 70S particles composed of 40S and 30S subunits, whereas prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S particles composed of 50S and 30S subunits.
    • D) Eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes are 80S particles composed of 60S and 40S subunits, whereas prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S particles composed of 50S and 30S subunits.
  3. 3.

    In eukaryotic cells, in which subnuclear structure are ribosomal RNA molecules synthesized and assembled with proteins into ribosomal subunits?

    • A) Golgi apparatus
    • B) Nucleolus
    • C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    • D) Peroxisome
  4. 4.

    In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes exist either suspended freely in the cytosol or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the primary destination of proteins synthesized by ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    • A) Functioning as soluble metabolic enzymes dissolved in the cytosol
    • B) Secretion outside the cell or incorporation into cellular membranes
    • C) Transport into the nucleoplasm to serve as histone proteins for chromatin
    • D) Direct diffusion across peroxisomal membranes to act as catalase
  5. 5.

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the structural composition and primary function of ribosomes in a living cell?

    • A) They are double-membrane-bound organelles primarily responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones.
    • B) They are composed of circular DNA molecules and carbohydrates that transcribe genetic instructions into messenger RNA.
    • C) They are single-membrane-bound digestive vesicles that hydrolyze cellular waste products and worn-out organelles.
    • D) They are non-membrane-bound complexes composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins that carry out protein synthesis.

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