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Lysosomes and vacuoles Knowledge-Based Practice

Biology · Cell Structure & Function · Biology · Organelles

5 Biology practice questions on Lysosomes and vacuoles. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    Which term identifies the selectively permeable membrane that encloses the central vacuole in plant cells and regulates solute movement to maintain turgor pressure?

    • A) Plasmodesma
    • B) Thylakoid membrane
    • C) Outer mitochondrial membrane
    • D) Tonoplast
  2. 2.

    Which cellular process involves the delivery of damaged organelles or aged cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for enzymatic degradation and recycling?

    • A) Pinocytosis
    • B) Phagocytosis
    • C) Autolysis
    • D) Autophagy
  3. 3.

    Which type of vacuole prevents single-celled freshwater organisms, such as amoebas and paramecia, from lysing by actively expelling excess intracellular water?

    • A) Food vacuole
    • B) Contractile vacuole
    • C) Central vacuole
    • D) Sap vacuole
  4. 4.

    Which of the following cellular mechanisms is directly responsible for maintaining the acidic internal pH required for optimal hydrolytic enzyme activity within lysosomes?

    • A) Passive diffusion of protons from the cytosol into the lumen through non-selective ion channels
    • B) Continuous release of acidic metabolic byproducts directly from mitochondrial respiration
    • C) Active transport of protons from the cytosol into the organelle by membrane-bound H+H^+-ATPases
    • D) Enzymatic synthesis of hydrochloric acid inside the matrix by membrane-bound ribosomes
  5. 5.

    Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells from that of the central vacuole in plant cells?

    • A) Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down macromolecules and recycled cell components, whereas the central vacuole maintains turgor pressure and serves as a storage compartment.
    • B) Lysosomes actively pump water out of the cell to prevent osmotic lysis, whereas the central vacuole houses digestive enzymes that synthesize glycogen.
    • C) Lysosomes generate cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation, whereas the central vacuole facilitates mRNA translation and protein folding.
    • D) Lysosomes primarily store photosynthetic pigments and starch granules, whereas the central vacuole performs endocytosis to engulf external pathogens.

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