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Brønsted–Lowry definition Knowledge-Based Practice

Chemistry · Acids & Bases · Chemistry · Acid–Base Concepts

5 Chemistry practice questions on Brønsted–Lowry definition. Questions that assess core concepts and understanding.

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Questions

  1. 1.

    In which of the following reactions does water (H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}) act as a Brønsted–Lowry acid?

    • A) HCl(aq)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)\text{HCl}(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{O}^+(aq) + \text{Cl}^-(aq)
    • B) NH3(aq)+H2O(l)⇌NH4+(aq)+OH−(aq)\text{NH}_3(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \text{NH}_4^+(aq) + \text{OH}^-(aq)
    • C) HCOOH(aq)+H2O(l)⇌H3O+(aq)+HCOO−(aq)\text{HCOOH}(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_3\text{O}^+(aq) + \text{HCOO}^-(aq)
    • D) H2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+HSO4−(aq)\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{O}^+(aq) + \text{HSO}_4^-(aq)
  2. 2.

    Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases from the Arrhenius definition?

    • A) The Brønsted–Lowry definition restricts acid–base reactions strictly to aqueous media.
    • B) The Brønsted–Lowry definition describes acids and bases in terms of proton transfer, accommodating reactions that occur in non-aqueous or gas phases.
    • C) The Brønsted–Lowry definition defines an acid as an electron-pair acceptor rather than a species that donates hydrogen ions.
    • D) The Brønsted–Lowry definition requires a base to inherently contain a hydroxide group in its chemical formula.
  3. 3.

    According to the Brønsted–Lowry definition, which of the following pairs constitutes a conjugate acid–base pair?

    • A) H2PO4−\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^- and HPO42−\text{HPO}_4^{2-}
    • B) H3PO4\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4 and PO43−\text{PO}_4^{3-}
    • C) H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 and SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}
    • D) H3O+\text{H}_3\text{O}^+ and OH−\text{OH}^-
  4. 4.

    According to the Brønsted–Lowry definition, which of the following chemical species can act as both a proton donor and a proton acceptor in aqueous solution?

    • A) SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}
    • B) NH4+\text{NH}_4^+
    • C) HCO3−\text{HCO}_3^-
    • D) CO32−\text{CO}_3^{2-}
  5. 5.

    In the reaction HSO4−(aq)+CO32−(aq)⇌SO42−(aq)+HCO3−(aq)\text{HSO}_4^-(aq) + \text{CO}_3^{2-}(aq) \rightleftharpoons \text{SO}_4^{2-}(aq) + \text{HCO}_3^-(aq), which species acts as a Brønsted–Lowry base in the forward reaction, and what is its conjugate acid?

    • A) HSO4−\text{HSO}_4^-; its conjugate acid is SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}
    • B) CO32−\text{CO}_3^{2-}; its conjugate acid is HCO3−\text{HCO}_3^-
    • C) CO32−\text{CO}_3^{2-}; its conjugate acid is HSO4−\text{HSO}_4^-
    • D) SO42−\text{SO}_4^{2-}; its conjugate acid is HCO3−\text{HCO}_3^-

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