A team of exobiologists investigating the nocturnal silk-moth Astraea lumina hypothesizes that antenna luminescence is governed by a single incompletely dominant gene. A cross between two heterozygous purple-glowing moths yields 200 offspring: 40 red-glowing, 110 purple-glowing, and 50 blue-glowing individuals. To evaluate whether these observations fit the expected 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio, they perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test at the 0.05 significance level with a critical value of 5.99 for two degrees of freedom. Which option correctly states the calculated chi-square value and the appropriate biological conclusion?

A) $\chi^2 = 3.00$; fail to reject the null hypothesis, supporting the 1:2:1 incomplete dominance hypothesis.

B) $\chi^2 = 3.00$; reject the null hypothesis, concluding that the data deviates significantly from 1:2:1 inheritance.

C) $\chi^2 = 6.00$; reject the null hypothesis, concluding that the data deviates significantly from 1:2:1 inheritance.

D) $\chi^2 = 1.50$; fail to reject the null hypothesis, supporting the 1:2:1 incomplete dominance hypothesis.

Chi-square analysis of crosses Original Scenario-Based Practice

Biology · Heredity · Biology · Non-Mendelian Genetics

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Heredity · Biology

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